nginx 之 proxy_pass的使用

server {
    listen 127.0.0.1:12345;
    proxy_pass 127.0.0.1:8080;
}
 
server {
    listen 12345;
    proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
    proxy_timeout 1m;
    proxy_pass example.com:12345;
}
 
server {
    listen 53 udp;
    proxy_responses 1;
    proxy_timeout 20s;
    proxy_pass dns.example.com:53;
}
 
server {
    listen [::1]:12345;
    proxy_pass unix:/tmp/stream.socket;
}

server {
    listen      80;
    server_name www.test.com;
 
    # 正常代理，不修改后端url的
    location /some/path/ {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
    }
 
    # 修改后端url地址的代理（本例后端地址中，最后带了一个斜线)
    location /testb {
        proxy_pass http://www.other.com:8801/;
    }
 
    # 使用 if in location
    location /google {
        if ( $geoip_country_code ~ (RU|CN) ) {
            proxy_pass http://www.google.hk;
        }
    }
 
    location /yongfu/ {
        # 没有匹配 limit_except 的，代理到 unix:/tmp/backend.socket:/uri/
        proxy_pass http://unix:/tmp/backend.socket:/uri/;;
 
        # 匹配到请求方法为: PUT or DELETE, 代理到9080
        limit_except PUT DELETE {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9080;
        }
    }
 
}

server {
    listen      80;
    server_name www.test.com;
 
    # 情形A
    # 访问 http://www.test.com/testa/aaaa
    # 后端的request_uri为: /testa/aaaa
    location ^~ /testa/ {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801;
    }
    
    # 情形B
    # 访问 http://www.test.com/testb/bbbb
    # 后端的request_uri为: /bbbb
    location ^~ /testb/ {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801/;
    }
 
    # 情形C
    # 下面这段location是正确的
    location ~ /testc {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801;
    }
 
    # 情形D
    # 下面这段location是错误的
    #
    # nginx -t 时，会报如下错误: 
    #
    # nginx: [emerg] "proxy_pass" cannot have URI part in location given by regular 
    # expression, or inside named location, or inside "if" statement, or inside 
    # "limit_except" block in /opt/app/nginx/conf/vhost/test.conf:17
    # 
    # 当location为正则表达式时，proxy_pass 不能包含URI部分。本例中包含了"/"
    location ~ /testd {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801/;   # 记住，location为正则表达式时，不能这样写！！！
    }
 
    # 情形E
    # 访问 http://www.test.com/ccc/bbbb
    # 后端的request_uri为: /aaa/ccc/bbbb
    location /ccc/ {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801/aaa$request_uri;
    }
 
    # 情形F
    # 访问 http://www.test.com/namea/ddd
    # 后端的request_uri为: /yongfu?namea=ddd
    location /namea/ {
        rewrite    /namea/([^/]+) /yongfu?namea=$1 break;
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801;
    }
 
    # 情形G
    # 访问 http://www.test.com/nameb/eee
    # 后端的request_uri为: /yongfu?nameb=eee
    location /nameb/ {
        rewrite    /nameb/([^/]+) /yongfu?nameb=$1 break;
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8801/;
    }
 
    access_log /data/logs/www/www.test.com.log;
}
 
server {
    listen      8801;
    server_name www.test.com;
    
    root        /data/www/test;
    index       index.php index.html;
 
    rewrite ^(.*)$ /test.php?u=$1 last;
 
    location ~ \.php$ {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi.conf;
    }
 
    access_log /data/logs/www/www.test.com.8801.log;
}

<?php
echo '$_SERVER[REQUEST_URI]:' . $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];